How to use unfiltered PWM to drive high power loads. How to properly set the PWM duty cycle for high power loads. How to drive an incandescent lamp using PWM. Sometimes it’s necessary to drive a ...

Many embedded-microcontroller applications require generation of analog signals. An integrated or stand-alone DAC fills the role. However, you can often use PWM signals for generating the required ...

The accuracy of a 4-20 mA transmitter depends on the integrity of its current-loop path, which must be free of shunt paths and ground loops, both within the transmitter and external to it. External to ...

This circuit transforms a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) signal into non-overlapping clock signals, whose number depends on the length of a shift register. These clock signals can be used to power up ...

Sometimes when a project is coming together, you need to cobble a tool together to get it completed. Whether it’s something very involved, like building a 3D printer to fabricate custom parts, or ...

In my previous article, I described the four most common methods for motor and pump control: input voltage, input voltage pulse-width modulation (PWM), external PWM, and 0–5V DC analog speed input.