Scientists have unearthed two 300-million-year-old fossils of a tiny animal that adapted to lose its forelimbs, shedding light on how vertebrates evolved a “snake-like body plan”. Modern-day reptiles ...

Your body is comprised of joints, muscles, and structures that connect one bone to the next. A pectoral girdle, also referred to as the shoulder girdle, connects your upper limbs to the bones along ...

Figure 1: This is a catshark pectoral fin and a mouse forelimb. (a) Skeletal pattern. In a catshark fin, three basal bones are connected to the pectoral girdle, whereas in a mouse limb, a single basal ...

The vertebrate invasion of land was made possible in part by evolution of the tetrapod forelimb from the fish pectoral fin. But what changes occurred in neural control during this transition?