Crystallization fouling – the accumulation of scale forming on surfaces – occurs in equipment like heat exchangers, condensers, boilers and cooling towers, where thousands of gallons of water are ...

The supramolecular interaction between the amino acid Fmoc-pentafluoro-phenylalanine and the partner molecule led to the formation of a crystal complex in the solid state. In water, the two molecules ...

Limescale buildup in thermal power plants due to the use of hot water can substantially affect efficiency, prompting researchers to develop a novel soft hydrogel-based surface coating that repels ...