Earth is not infinite. Pollution beyond certain levels threatens the climate and ecosystems. To prevent this, scientists have proposed planetary boundaries, defining the safe operating limits of the ...

Ice cores, tree rings, and satellite data converge on a striking truth: Earth’s rapid changes today are unlike anything seen in human history. When most people hear the term Earth science, they think ...

Scientists have traced the origins of complex life to the breakup of the supercontinent Nuna 1.5 billion years ago. This tectonic shift reduced volcanic carbon emissions, expanded shallow seas, and ...

The power of volcanoes to change Earth’s climate may not be as ancient as previously thought. Throughout our planet’s history, the climate has fluctuated between “icehouse” and “greenhouse” conditions ...

A new study led by researchers at the Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI) at Institute of Science Tokyo challenges a long-standing assumption about Earth's most extreme ice ages. Using numerical ...